Armed conflict is devastating maternal and child health across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where countries under active humanitarian response plans now account for 64% of global maternal deaths and 50% of newborn deaths. Women in these zones face a maternal mortality risk three times higher than those in peaceful settings, and an estimated 36.5 million displaced children suffer from acute malnutrition and disrupted immunization. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness of humanitarian health interventions targeting maternal and child health in conflict-affected SSA. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered with PROSPERO, the review searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature repositories for studies published between January 2000 and December 2023. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, spanning empirical research, systematic reviews, and policy analyses across multiple SSA sub-regions. Key findings show that each additional conflict incident raises maternal mortality risk by 14%, with conflict exposure linked to approximately 2.8 additional pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 women. Conflict-affected countries accounted for 51% of global stillbirths, with a significantly elevated odds of preterm delivery. Despite 42% of health facilities becoming non-functional in Burkina Faso due to insecurity, user fee exemption policies successfully sustained maternal care utilization. In the DRC, a trilateral UNICEF–China partnership delivered essential care to 6,800 pregnant women and 34,000 children, while in Somalia, conditional cash transfers combined with mobile health messaging improved nutritional outcomes in displaced communities. The review concludes that financially protective, integrated, and community-led interventions can meaningfully reduce maternal and child mortality even in severely resource-constrained conflict settings. Critically, the evidence calls for a strategic shift away from externally-driven, top-down humanitarian assistance toward approaches that strengthen local health structures and build on existing community resilience. Priorities for future action include protecting and training local health workers, scaling digital health tools, expanding implementation science in volatile environments, and developing conflict-resilient surveillance systems to address persistent data gaps.