Public prosecution remains an indispensable instrument for maintaining social order, enforcing criminal laws, and safeguarding public safety. However, the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria faces severe structural bottlenecks, most notably chronic custodial congestion driven by a disproportionately large population of awaiting-trial inmates (ATIs). This paper critically investigates the systemic challenges confronting public prosecutors in Nigeria—including resource constraints, technological adaptation gaps, and unguided prosecutorial discretion. By evaluating the constitutional and statutory frameworks, including the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015, this study moves beyond descriptive critique. It integrates Jeffrey Bellin’s normative 'servant-of-the-law' model as an analytical framework to reshape prosecutorial behavior, urging a transition from a traditional 'conviction-at-all-costs' mindset to a non-adversarial adherence to statutory mandates. Finally, the paper outlines targeted, evidence-based reform options aimed at optimizing prosecutorial efficiency and mitigating pre-trial detention pressures.